MindStat Blog
ANOVA vs Kruskal-Wallis: Which Test to UseOne-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis? A practical guide to choosing between the parametric and rank-based test for comparing three or more groups.
How to Report Effect Size in APA StyleBeyond p-values: how to compute and report Cohen’s d, eta-squared, and r in APA 7 format, with worked examples and interpretation thresholds.
Welch’s vs Student’s t-Test: When Variances DifferStudent’s t-test assumes equal variances; Welch’s does not. Why Welch should be your default for two-group comparisons, and when it matters most.
Pearson vs Spearman vs Kendall: Choosing a CorrelationPearson, Spearman, or Kendall’s tau? Match the correlation coefficient to your data’s scale, linearity, and sample size with a clear decision table.
Checking Normality: Tests vs Plots Done RightShapiro-Wilk, Q-Q plots, and histograms: how to assess normality correctly, why large-n significance tests mislead, and what actually matters.
Multiple Comparisons: Bonferroni, Holm, FDRRunning many tests inflates false positives. A practical comparison of Bonferroni, Holm, and Benjamini-Hochberg FDR, and when to use each.